Use turbo for the first time in the military aircraft industry in the world wars and before use in cars and of course the idea was to let him increase the strength of aircraft as well.
The idea of using turbo chargers in the automotive industry was born in Europe for use in high performance engines
(High performance) with eight cylinders and devoted to Formula One racing cars, and they would allow their laws in that period using the Chargers and was the first commercial vehicle is used Turbo Saab 900, which produced the year 1978.
OT turbo?
Turbo chargers (Turbo) are devices to help the engine to burn more fuel, and through the introduction of more air to the engine
With pressure up to portray the largest percentage increase of the ignition of fuel inside the combustion chamber.
Pump pressure and the amount of air to the engine by the fan installed in the Turbo (Turbine wheel), which revolves by pushing the exhaust gas (Exhaust) have, ie, we take advantage of the recycling of exhaust gases in the turbine wheel.
And of course the wheel of the turbine speeds up awesome to be up to 30 times faster than the fastest engine of car engines, where there may be increased by up to 150 000 rpm!
If the greater the number of revs (RPM) the greater the pressure of exhaust gas and thus increased the amount of air pumped by the turbo.
It is clear to us that the higher the revs the more power (the power that we get from the turbo will not get it from the beginning but will get them gradually until we reach the highest number of cycles in the engine).
The greater the amount of air inside of the turbo to the engine whenever Zldt horsepower ratio, which we will solve them, and this simple equation to understand the subject.
Us assume that a car engine power 300 hp If we enter to the engine 50% of the original such as increasing the amount of air will increase the rate of fuel burn by 50% as well and thus we get the extra 150 hp for a total of 450 hp (this is in standard conditions either in practice will be less force than that shortly)
Where and what riding ...?
Installed the following parts:
1 - the introduction of the air hole of the engine (Intake)
2 - slot exhaust (Exhaust)
3 - air filter and filter if preferred sports. Take into account when installing the turbo that is placed in the most remote place on the engine until the engine temperature does not affect it.
Advantages and disadvantages:
Feature and the main goal of the turbo
Is to get more horsepower by up to twice or three times
Main force Vmhrk 300 hp power up to 900 or 1000 horsepower and vary depending on the pieces used
But the main drawback is in:
Temperature increase: of course, will increase the engine heat significantly due to increased rate of combustion in the engine and this increase will lead to a decreased life span of the engine that the engine did not explode as a result of intolerance Albesatem of this pressure and temperature.
But we can overcome all the disadvantages of using Turbo appropriate pieces.
Some of the ways to protect the engine from the negative effects of more than:
First, to overcome the problems of heat:
1 - Installation of radiator or any sports Radiatber y s a larger size.
2 - Installation of the engine cooler internal inter coller and is a great importance to reduce the temperature.
3 - install turbo in a place far from the engine so as not to affect the temperature of the turbo engine.
4 - try to open the vents in the hood and in front Alaksaddam.
5 - Installation of exhaust unfair to athletes ((Exhaust system Esptia even with the exhaust pressure greatly to his governors that no change will result in the increase in engine heat significantly.
Second: For Bsatem:
When you increase the pressure inside the engine by certain we may need to change the engine Bsatem Eachry Sports are made from materials with a great capacity to endure the pressure, and is called (Pressure Pistons).
Third, control of the pressure:
Of the basic features of more than we can control the open and closed, and in contrast to the Super charger
Simply because it runs parallel with the engine when increase the number of revs Vtlqaúaa increase the number of sessions of the turbo are larger, with production for the air pressure to the engine, which produces about horsepower and can also by a device installed for more than the so-called Boost controller to control the opening and closing Turbo manner the best You might, for example, that Nbermjh that does not open the turbo, but when you reach the number of revs to 4000 rpm or 5000 rpm, and this will provide a great effort on the engine Vzbet to use the car on a daily basis and the process without any strain on the engine because you will go quietly and will not make your engine up to the number of sessions, which then will open the turbo
And in this way will provide the effort and a lot of pressure on your engine for use in this way.
Sizes and types of turbo: turbo chargers with different types and sizes for every car charger dedicated to her, we find that there are companies dedicated to producing chargers and modification parts for Honda only and there is a company specialized in Altiota just like TRD.
Valtrbu dedicated to Honda will not be able to put it in the Ford Mustang, for example!!
And of the most famous companies in the production of turbo is the G READY, TRD and LINGENFILTER.
Turbo types:
1 - charger singles (Single turbo) any we ride the charger and the only one.
2 - Haouhn sequential (Sequentiol turbo) any Hahannin we ride, one large (basically) and a small one used in the first rotation speed journals will be much faster than the large and the power that we get it we will get it in a time much less than great.
3 - Twin turbo, and we use this method in the same Hahannin Ahadjmo in this way we will get more pressure from the two methods
Turbocharger turbine
Turbo Charger
What is a turbocharger?
The idea to use the charger air pressure of the exhaust gases left by the engine to re-supply of the engine clean air. The new air is mixed with the fuel through the engine control unit "ECU engine control unit". Leading to a higher power to give the engine immediately to provide him with additional air and fuel. For engines of regular and non-equipped charger should the engine drawing air through the filter and orderly flow of fuel and streams feeding multiple, leading to a drop in pressure inside the combustion chamber to be lower than normal atmospheric pressure, with the turbocharger is push air to the combustion chamber with excess pressure then a the amount of air and fuel more.
Turbocharger model generates a pressure range of $ between 0.4 and 0.7 bar maximum, will be installed turbocharger directly on the exhaust pipe for the benefit of the air pressure outside of the exhaust in the recycling turbine turbine installed from the axis on the arm of a short turn rotate the turbine turbine other installed on the party other than to pull fresh air through the filter of air into the combustion chambers, if you adopt the basic idea of the turbo charger to take advantage of the momentum of the exhaust gases and waste in the engines to run the pump for regular re-supply the engine with air.
Is Zi and cooling axis turbines the turbine via the oil from the engine, and as the exhaust gases with a high temperature may reach the outlet temperature of exhaust to the hundreds of stairs, which leads to burning of oil, leaving deposits of charcoal in the streams of oil which is causing serious harm to the engine, so it must be replaced engine oil in vehicles equipped with turbocharged air every 3000 km maximum, or the use of oils, synthetic particular prevented them from leaving deposits and are replaced every 6,000 km maximum, and problems also faced by the adoption of the oil in cooling is the heat after the fire engine, without cooling the charger will run oil located on the axis turbines to the exhaust pipe, after extinguishing the engine, causing a big increase too in the degree of heat coming from the body of the exhaust pipe, this heat is enough to destroy the shipper or the shortening-of-life, so I have to leave the engine running quietly for a period of not less than 30 seconds before it off to be in this cooling period, the shipper and the lower the body temperature of the exhaust outlet, some companies have been deliberately edited to provide the automotive electronic timer keeps the engine running after him for Atfak be programmed in advance.
When we drive slowly, do not work Turbines shipper, they spin very slowly due to lack of gas from the engine, and when you press the gas pedal the engine delivers the amount of gas more you rotate the turbine faster, which leads in turn to enter the amount of air and fuel more to the engine, thereby increasing the amount of gases again to turn back the introduction of more air and fuel, and so Twalak ... This session is called stage turbo surge, which make you feel a sudden increase in engine power, and notes on the pressure indicator such as increased rapidly in quantity. And the period before the upheaval when the turbines spin and the engine did not give enough power yet - called the idle phase (curved graph 1). Large turbines generate more pressure, but also suffer from a longer period of inactivity because of her old age, and small turbines spans are shorter, but inactivity is able to generate a lot of pressure, and this subject will be explained in the following paragraph.
How to design a turbocharger?
Task is to turn the charger momentum exhaust gases to spin turbines to the shipper, and the mission of this turbine is to convert rotational motion to the momentum of the air entering the engine, the air becomes compressed and heated.
Each turbine from the charger turbines measured the size of each section of the subdivision, the two sections: Section drawer "inducer" and Section motive "exducer", size, shape each section defines the form of turbine airfoils and thus the properties of the charger.
Turbine compressor:
You can see the section drawer of the turbine pressure by looking at the air inlet charger which seems out like a fan, the blades of this fan extends into the charger to grow in size and form part motivation, part drawer of the turbine compressor is responsible for the suction of air into the charger, Section motivation shall be paid the air through Gnihath out of the charger. Because of the passage of air through the ailerons as he left acquires rotational movement Kalzubah, and, since the charger is very close to the entrance of air your engine in the old engines had to be put blades weatherproof air circulation at the exit of the charger to stop the rotational motion, which adversely affect the properties of flows at.
The size of the turbine compressor sets limit for the maximum pressure that can generated, as determined by the time of turbo surge, and determine the quality of the turbine compressor according to the size of each of the halves, and the basic rule is that the motivation section larger than the drawer.
Turbine exhaust:
Turbine exhaust is divided into two parts as well (the drawer and motivation), but because of its mission adverse to the task of the turbine has been pressing a switch and place the two sections.
Are designed turbine exhaust to balance two important things are to take advantage of the power out the exhaust gases as much as possible and without objection out of these gases as well, and these two things are influenced very size of room exhaust and Anaftha, the more the size of turbine exhaust was able turbine use more energy and converted into rotational movement of the axis, but also increase in size will lead to the obstruction out of exhaust gases, which negatively affects the performance of the engine. Typically the size of the drawer section slightly larger than the size of the partition the drive in the turbine exhaust, and most companies, the amendment maintains the natural size of the sections of turbine exhaust to the lack of importance compared to the importance of the turbine compressor.
Rooms Charger:
Have rooms charger smooth surface inside and wrapped in a tubular on the turbine to distribute air evenly to all airfoils of these turbines, and the diameter of the pipe narrows slightly with the trend towards the neck, which increases the pressure output, and in terms of engineering turbocharger measured rooms shipping length of the pipe ring ( A) and the distance between the middle of the tube and the axis of the turbine (R), these two values do not mean much to users and often remain value R close in most rooms Chargers air, but the division of A on R we get the ratio A / R, which determine the measure and the properties of rooms, the charger and how much pressure can the generated.
The less the ratio A / R in a room exhaust (ie, the length of the shortest of the tube ring = A) increased the speed of rotation of the turbine, but with the high revs cause short tube to raise the pressure of the exhaust gases which increases the pressure opposite to the engine leads to a decline in performance, and value of the pressure the reverse should not exceed half the value of the pressure in the chamber of the explosion. Result is that by increasing the ratio A / R improves the performance of the engine when the courses high, but in turn lost some strength in the sessions medium and suffers from an increase in the period of inactivity, and the shrinking proportion of A / R improved engine performance at the sessions of low-and medium-sized, but suffers from a lack of performance when courses high .
As a result of the above depends on the air charger is designed to balance the above factors are all
Pressure control:
Controlled amount of pressure generated by the turbocharger by another device called the gate of waste "Waste Gate" (Figure 1), and this gate is a valve large is located on the charger near the entrance of the exhaust gases, and when you open this valve prevents the flow of exhaust gases to exit directly instead of passing through the turbine. The movement is controlled valve by means of a drive is small, and is the interface between the valve and the device driver through the arm ranging in length between 10 and 15 cm, and the device connects to the motivation of the other outlet compressed air to the charger and through the hose high (Figure 2), when the high pressure generated by the charger, the device driver to open the valve, the pressure decreases, yielding a motivation to close the valve until the pressure rises again, and repeated this process very quickly Fathafez on a constant pressure at the outlet of compressed air and thus
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